How do you explain autism? Its definition can often be so vast and yet, the disorder can be marked by such subtlety. I find it hard to explain Autism because it effects each individual so differently. Almost always, the individual with Autism struggles socially. Most directly in their ability to relate with others in everyday conversation (basic engagement, picking up social cues, showing interest, reciprocating in dialogue, recognizing sarcasm, etc) and in developing strong mutually beneficial friendships.

The great majority of individuals with autism have significant sensory integration issues that make their experience of the sensory world (sight, sound, touch, smell, and taste) more challenging to gain control over and regulate than the typically developing individual. Sounds are deafening, slight touch from another sends the individual into a sprint, smell and taste sensitivities lead to an incredibly limited diet, and sights are the source of almost continuous over-stimulation and difficulty focusing.

In all of the individuals I have worked with, the need for a more structured and predictable day is present. Visual schedules, daily routines, pre-planning of trips, and reviewing of changes long before they occur, are often an absolute necessity for the individual with autism.

Hyper-fixation on one subject or interest is a common characteristic of autism (this can change every few months or last for years). An incredible mastery of a specific topic often results (black holes, Portland transportation system, etc). It is not unusual for a child with autism to speak about an area of interest continuously, with no awareness of their audience’s interest or lack there of. This is often paired with a “stuckness” and inflexibility in thought. When the individual gets “stuck”, he/she needs to complete an action or statement several times before moving on. Outside pressure from peers or adults to “just stop” or “move on”, often causes further anxiety.

Control is something the individual with Autism needs. This can often result in social alienation and the appearance of selfishness. It is easy to see this behavior as selfish, but that would be shortsighted. It is more a desperate attempt to regain some sense of order and control in a perceived chaotic and unpredictable environment. Daily routines that cannot be changed, special interests, and ritualistic behaviors (lining up toys in a very specific way) are some ways that individuals with autism gain this control.

Motor and fine motor skills are more often than not developmentally behind;  making activities like Physical Education (PE), sports, penmanship, etc. challenging. I cannot tell you how many of my clients routinely get into conflict during PE class.

These are just some of the many familiar characteristics of autism. I ask, for my own benefit and the benefit of my readers, that you add to this list. The more we know, the better we can begin addressing this unique disorder in a more effective way.

Please add to the list, by submitting a comment below.